Assessment of technology transfer and difussion models in Latvia

Abstract

Aim of this report is to analyse typology of technology transfer channels, assess key dimensions of technology transfer framework and mechanisms, introduce the concept of interaction modes and explore on factors determining the role of social innovation capacity to technology diffusion. The paper approaches local technology transfer policy, analyses available in market technology transfer models, describes efficiency of modes and identifies critical factors for efficient technology transfer system in Latvia. Special attitude is paid to intangible technology transfer.

Traditional approach assesses technology transfer as a knowledge transfer between research laboratories and industry and is influenced by four main components: (a) level of collectivisation or / and globalisation; (b) availability of new facts (knowledge); (c) personnel skills and abilities to adapt, use, improve and innovate and (d) availability of advanced machines and equipment.

The wider definition assumes that "technology transfer is an active interaction between two or more social entities, during which the sum of technological knowledge remains stable or increases through the transfer of one or more components of technology."

By definition, "Technology transfer addresses the assessment, adoption and implementation of technology." Innovation diffusion theory provides a conceptual background that has frequently been used in the study of technology transfer. Rogers' innovation model (1986) defined diffusion as "the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time, among the members of a social system" (Fagan).

Technological diffusion reflects increasing role of communication over social systems (communities) where in human-centred business ecosystem we may distinguish consolidation of ―collective intelligence‖ as a result of integration of technological innovation and social learning in product life cycle.

Technology can be transferred through a range of channels and applying range of forms of interactions between the sources of technology and their environment locally and globally, e.g. B2B, B2C, B2R&D, R&D2R&D etc.