ADAMARTS
type: channel
description: ISSN 2256-0890/ e-ISSN 2592-9992 is published by RISEBA University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Architecture and Design, and Faculty of Media and Creative Technologies. ADAMARTS is a double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to architecture, design, and audiovisual media arts from the Baltic Sea region. ADAMARTS aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, and scholars, as well as practitioners in the domain of interest. The journal is published annually. ADAMarts is OPEN ACCESS licensed under Creative Common Attribution 4.0 International License.
publisher: RISEBA University of Applied Sciences
language: en-US
publication name: ADAMARTS
issn: 2256-0890
items: Adaptative Reuse of Historic Structures
items: Innovative Digital Tools for Landscape Design
items: Toward a Reflective Pedagogy of AI-Aided Design: Insights from an Experimental Design Studio
items: SHAPING URBAN SPACES FOR WINTER: ELEVATING LIVELINESS AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
items: Daylight as a Metaphor for Architecture
items: Architecture and Palliative Care: Designing an Urban Hospice for Riga’s Evolving Healthcare Landscape
items: THE SUBJECTIVITY OF LIGHT EXPERIENCE IN ARCHITECTURAL SPACES
items: DATA DRIVEN DESIGN: Methods in Architectural Concept Design
items: Shivelight Space
items: The Still Point: Architectural Perspectives on Euthanasia Clinics
items: Bioregional Approach for Regenerating Urban Space
items: A Restorative Wellness and Hospitality: Designing Spaces for Tourism in Natural Contexts
items: Choreographing Chance
items: The Appearance of Modern Glass
items: Thirdspace as Tool for Grounding at-risk Youth
items: Freedom of Form Manifesto: Reimagining Architecture in the Age of Computational Design and Digital Fabrication
items: Khoos: Crafting a Contemporary Material Language for the Arabian Mashrabiya
items: The Role of Fusion Power and High-Tech Data Centers in the Sustainable Revitalization of Decommissioned Nuclear Sites
items: Gunnar Birkerts: The Work Speaks for Itself

Adaptative Reuse of Historic Structures
type: item
description: Adaptive renovation of historical structures presents the dual challenge of preserving architectural heritage while accommodating contemporary urban needs. This research explores the transformation of spaces once designed for entirely different purposes, inhabited by different people, into relevant and functional parts of today’s cities. The study investigates adaptive reuse strategies that integrate spatial functionality with historical integrity, offering insight into resource-efficient architectural practices. The primary objective is to identify approaches that respect cultural and historical significance while addressing modern demands such as sustainability, aesthetics, and usability. The research also aims to bridge the gap between heritage conservation and contemporary architectural practice, reactivating neglected or abandoned structures. There are a strong theoretical references made before from architects, discussion on the aesthetics of atmosphere and the passage of time. Some of the concepts emphasizes the importance of spatial memory and historical layering, advocating for a design dialogue between old and new—where contemporary interventions amplify, rather than erase, the memories embedded in architectural space. The research addresses the following questions: Spiritual dimensions: What renovation strategies can honor collective memory? How does adaptive reuse impact the social and spatial dynamics of a neighborhood? Technical dimensions: What are the main challenges and considerations in renovating historical buildings? What are the most effective methods and techniques for preservation? Contextual dimensions: What local preservation regulations influence adaptive reuse to meet urban development needs? What factors determine the success of an adaptive reuse project? The study combines theoretical and practical approaches to merge historical aesthetics with modern architectural interventions. It includes case studies and comparative analysis, focusin…
creator: Matīss Kļava
creator: Rudolfs Dainis Šmits
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Matīss Kļava, Rudolfs Dainis Šmits
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
volume: 6
number: 1

Innovative Digital Tools for Landscape Design
type: item
description: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and parametric design in landscape architecture is redefining creativity, efficiency, and sustainability in design processes. This paper explores the impact of these digital tools, focusing on their role in concept development, visualization, workflow automation, and environmental analysis. AI-powered tools, such as MidJourney and PromeAI, enable rapid ideation and visualization but require critical evaluation to ensure their outputs align with real-world constraints. Parametric modeling, particularly through Grasshopper, enhances adaptability and efficiency in complex landscape designs, allowing for rapid modifications and data-driven decision-making. Additionally, the combination of parametric tools with Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers precise material calculations and performance simulations, supporting informed and sustainable design choices. Despite these advantages, digital tools present challenges, including steep learning curves, reliance on automation, and potential detachment from site-specific considerations. Effective implementation requires a balance between computational capabilities and human creativity, ensuring that technology enhances rather than dictates the design process. As digital innovations continue to evolve, landscape architects must critically engage with these tools, integrating them strategically to address urbanization, climate change, and resource management. This study underscores the need for a thoughtful, knowledge-driven approach to digital design methodologies, ensuring that technological advancements serve as facilitators rather than constraints in shaping the future of landscape architecture.
creator: Ingus Birznieks
creator: Ilze Paklone
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ingus Birznieks, Ilze Paklone
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 6
number: 1

Toward a Reflective Pedagogy of AI-Aided Design: Insights from an Experimental Design Studio
type: item
description: This study explores a structured, semester-long integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into architectural design education through an experimental studio course at Abdullah Gül University. Rather than positioning AI as a mere tool for automation, the studio investigated its potential as a speculative design collaborator, embedded within a pedagogical framework centered on research-by-design. Students engaged in iterative processes of problem framing, concept development, and visual exploration, using AI systems both as generative aids and dialogic partners. The course emphasized critical authorship and interpretive reasoning, prompting students to interrogate AI outputs and incorporate them into evolving manual design practices. Through hybrid prompt strategies, students developed the ability to translate abstract spatial ideas into grounded proposals, navigating ambiguity and reconciling machine-driven outputs with contextual constraints. Findings suggest that AI, when scaffolded within reflective pedagogies, can expand students’ cognitive engagement, conceptual depth, and representational fluency without displacing human design agency. This research contributes an alternative model of AI-aided pedagogy—one that destabilizes deterministic workflows and instead fosters epistemic diversity, design literacy, and critical synthesis.
creator: Ömer Faruk Alp
creator: Vacide Betül Kurtuluş
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ömer Faruk Alp, Vacide Betül Kurtuluş
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
volume: 6
number: 1

SHAPING URBAN SPACES FOR WINTER: ELEVATING LIVELINESS AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
type: item
description: In cities with harsh winters and a humid continental climate, such as Riga, public life significantly diminishes during the cold season. Low temperatures, reduced daylight, and snow create environmental and psychological barriers that discourage outdoor activity and social engagement. This article examines how urban design can counteract these seasonal effects and foster vibrant public life throughout the year. Building on Jan Gehl’s principles of human-scale urbanism, the paper analyses winter’s impact on human behaviour biologically, psychologically, and culturally, and the associated health consequences of inactivity. Through literature review and international case studies, it identifies three key design strategies: mobility, functionality, and aesthetics, which can elevate liveliness and social interaction in winter cities. The findings suggest that winter should not be viewed merely as a challenge but as a design opportunity. By integrating lighting, inclusive infrastructure, seasonal programming, and sensory engagement, cities can transform winter public spaces into active, healthy, and socially meaningful environments.
creator: Airita Bērziņa
creator: Kristīne Dreija
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Airita Bērziņa, Kristīne Dreija
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 6
number: 1

Daylight as a Metaphor for Architecture
type: item
description: It is the premise of this paper that the influence of daylight on the very conception of architectural space and form is as essential as the presence, in spaces, of daylight, itself. We may study daylight and measure it with remarkable accuracy and valuable consequences. However, the value of daylight to the inhabitant and the designer runs deeper than quantification, simple navigation, or assigned symbolism. Daylight instigates good design decisions and generates architecture, and the way daylight operates may be considered to have a metaphorical relationship with architecture.
creator: Martin Schwartz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Martin Schwartz
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 6
number: 1

Architecture and Palliative Care: Designing an Urban Hospice for Riga’s Evolving Healthcare Landscape
type: item
description: The integration of hospice care within the urban fabric presents both architectural and societal challenges, particularly in Latvia, where dedicated hospice facilities are lacking. This article examines the evolution of hospice design and its application in the context of Riga, proposing an urban hospice by Māras Pond as a model for palliative care infrastructure. The site’s strategic location, combining urban accessibility with therapeutic natural surroundings, informs a design that balances medical functionality, historical sensitivity, and community engagement. Spatial strategies prioritize patient well-being through carefully integrated indoor and outdoor environments, fostering psychological comfort and social inclusion. This article highlights the critical need for dedicated hospice facilities in Latvia, advocating for a comprehensive approach that integrates evidence-based design principles, sustainability, policy support, and public awareness to transform the future of palliative care in Latvia.
creator: Baiba Riekstina
creator: Linda Letāne
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Baiba Riekstina
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
volume: 6
number: 1

THE SUBJECTIVITY OF LIGHT EXPERIENCE IN ARCHITECTURAL SPACES
type: item
description: Light experience in architectural spaces extends beyond measurable metrics and is deeply personal. This paper explores the various factors that influence individual light perception, including physiological, psychological, cultural, and emotional elements. While daylighting standards provide guidelines for safety and comfort, they fail to fully address the subjective nature of light experience. This study investigates how different demographic groups, cultural backgrounds, and psychological states shape light perception and proposes adaptable lighting strategies for more inclusive and responsive architectural design. The findings highlight the necessity of human-centered lighting approaches that balance technical precision with individual needs.
creator: Kristīne Zane Čible
creator: Efe Duyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kristīne Zane Čible, Efe Duyan
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
volume: 6
number: 1

DATA DRIVEN DESIGN: Methods in Architectural Concept Design
type: item
description: This article explores the role of DATA DRIVEN DESIGN Methods in Architectural Concept Design of underground cloud data centers, with a particular focus on the "Underground Cloud" project. As data centers continue to serve as critical nodes for global digital infrastructure, their energy consumption and environmental impact raise pressing challenges. Data-driven design, incorporating advanced computational tools, artificial intelligence (AI), and predictive analytics, offers a solution to optimize spatial layouts, improve energy efficiency, and minimize environmental footprint. This research examines the potential of underground environments, which provide natural thermal stability and enhanced physical security, to support sustainable data center operations. The study analyzes the integration of big data in architectural workflows, highlighting the transition from intuition-based design to data-driven strategies that leverage real-time data inputs (Figure 1). Through case studies of existing underground facilities, the article illustrates best practices in applying AI-driven simulations and Building Information Modeling (BIM) for optimizing environmental performance. The findings suggest that data-driven methodologies can significantly reduce energy consumption, streamline operations, and address spatial constraints while maintaining architectural integrity. Furthermore, the paper presents design recommendations for future underground data centers, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, adaptive design strategies, and ethical considerations in data usage. The study concludes that the intersection of data-driven design and underground data center architecture represents a promising avenue for addressing the growing demands of the digital era while promoting sustainability and operational resilience. Additionally, the research underscores the potential for underground cloud infrastructure to contribute to urban energy ecosystems by utilizing ex…
creator: Sergejs Kopils
creator: Efe Duyan
creator: Rudolfs Dainis Šmits
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sergejs Kopils, Co-author D. Arch Efe Duyan
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
volume: 6
number: 1

Shivelight Space
type: item
description: In an era of rapid urbanisation and global environmental crisis, architecture must move beyond sustainability to cultivate environments that regenerate ecological systems and nurture human well-being. Biophilic design, a field that promotes the integration of nature into the built environment, has gained prominence in addressing this challenge. Central to biophilic architecture is the role of natural light. However, despite its importance, the treatment of light in biophilic design remains superficial. Most biophilic frameworks reduce light to general references of “daylight” or “sunlight,” with little exploration of its qualitative, poetic, or phenomenological dimensions. This paper addresses this gap by developing a new theoretical and practical framework for biophilic light, grounded in the forest environment and expressed through a phenomenon known as shivelight. Coined by poet Gerard Manley Hopkins in 1888, the term shivelight refers to the narrow lances of sunlight that pierce through a forest canopy. Unlike generic notions of daylight, shivelight is highly specific, tactile, and emotionally charged - it is light that is felt as much as seen. In this paper, shivelight is presented as a spatial and sensory phenomenon that embodies the layered, filtered, and dynamic qualities of light found in forest ecosystems. Through an interdisciplinary theoretical framework drawing on poetry, ecology, phenomenology, and Japanese philosophy, the study proposes 'forest light' as a distinct typology of biophilic light - a mode of lighting design capable of producing immersive, restorative, and spiritually resonant indoor environments. The paper is structured around three interconnected theoretical pillars. The first draws from poetic and cultural framings of forest light, particularly shivelight and the Japanese term komorebi, which describes the dappled light filtering through leaves. These linguistic and metaphorical constructs offer a way of thinking about light that foregr…
creator: Heidi Boulanger
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Heidi Boulanger
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
volume: 6
number: 1

The Still Point: Architectural Perspectives on Euthanasia Clinics
type: item
description: Abstract Euthanasia remains a contentious and complex issue globally, yet architecture offers an opportunity to shape end-of-life experiences with dignity and compassion. This article, based on Madara Žeikare's master's thesis, provides an in-depth exploration of how architectural design can support euthanasia clinics by emphasizing patient autonomy, privacy, and emotional comfort. The thesis discusses the historical evolution of healthcare architecture, highlighting the transition from sterile medical environments to spaces that prioritize well-being, dignity, and holistic care. It delves into the architectural challenges of end-of-life facilities, including the need for privacy, integration of natural elements, and culturally sensitive design. Drawing from extensive sections of the thesis, including theoretical frameworks, design concepts, and case studies from Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Canada, this article highlights best practices such as flexible spatial organization, biophilic elements, and inclusive design solutions. The architectural framework proposed aims to foster ethical discourse and provide humane end-of-life care environments, particularly in regions like Latvia where euthanasia is not yet legal. The research underscores the importance of integrating positive distractions like art, music, and nature, ensuring privacy through soundproofing and thoughtful layouts, and promoting sustainability through eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient systems. Furthermore, the thesis explores the potential of architecture to serve as a catalyst for societal dialogue, bridging legal and cultural gaps, while offering spaces that respect and support the emotional well-being of patients and their families. This comprehensive perspective demonstrates how architecture can address emotional, ethical, and practical needs in end-of-life care, contributing significantly to academic discourse, design innovation, and practical applications in healthcare architectur…
creator: Madara Žeikare
creator: Julija Žakemo
creator: Jānis Dripe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Madara Žeikare
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
volume: 6
number: 1

Bioregional Approach for Regenerating Urban Space
type: item
description: Bioregional approach in architecture, rooted in the principles of place-based design and ecological resilience, proposes a holistic framework for regenerating urban spaces. This approach integrates local natural systems, cultural heritage, and regional material supply chains to create urban environments that are not only sustainable but also regenerative, actively restoring ecological balance and enhancing biodiversity. Today, it's not enough to provide sustainable design, which at best achieves a form of neutrality in which all negative impacts have been mitigated. It is now time to excel in regenerative design, where our approach to design needs to better factor in externalities and wider impacts that arise through supply chains and building processes in order to address the biodiversity crisis and ecosystem impacts of our industry. The aim of this article is to understand the principles of regenerative design and how it differs from sustainable design. To research “bioregionalism” as a regenerative design approach and introduce practical bioregional examples. Based on that, to understand how such an approach can help to regenerate urban space, what are the benefits of such an approach, and how does it add benefits?
creator: Niklāvs Krievs
creator: Sabīne Skudra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Niklāvs Krievs, Sabīne Skudra
date: 2026-01-12
publication date: 2026-01-12
volume: 6
number: 1

A Restorative Wellness and Hospitality: Designing Spaces for Tourism in Natural Contexts
type: item
description: Introduction In an era shaped by rapid urbanization, ecological challenges, and an increasing demand for meaningful connections with nature, tourism is evolving to prioritize wellness and sustainability. This thesis, Restorative Wellness and Hospitality: Designing Spaces for Tourism in Natural Contexts, explores how architectural design can create restorative environments that promote well-being, environmental consciousness, and immersive hospitality experiences. By integrating restorative design principles, biophilic architecture, and sustainable development strategies, the research aims to establish a framework for wellness tourism spaces that balance personal renewal with ecological responsibility. Relevance and Objectives Positioned at the intersection of wellness design, biophilic architecture, and sustainable development, the research addresses a critical gap in the literature: the lack of integrative frameworks that unite spatial design, environmental ethics, and tourism strategy. As wellness tourism evolves, there is an urgent need for architectural approaches that transcend luxury aesthetics and focus instead on healing, adaptability, and environmental sensitivity. Key Research Questions How can architecture create inclusive and adaptable restorative environments in wellness retreats? What spatial, sensory, and material elements best support tranquility and connection in natural settings? How can wellness retreats operate sustainably while enhancing guest experience? Methodology This study employs a mixed-method, interdisciplinary research design structured around four core methods: Literature Review – Investigates foundational and contemporary theories in restorative environments, biophilic design, environmental psychology, and sustainable tourism architecture. Case Study Analysis – Evaluates exemplary wellness retreats to identify successful design strategies and operational models that foster restorativeness and sustainability. Semi-Structured Interviews…
creator: Raitis Rauza
creator: Efe Duyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Raitis Rauza
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 6
number: 1

Choreographing Chance
type: item
description: Space moves with the body in the flow of time, becomes open to new possibilities, transforms and belongs to each other. The daily life of the city provides the environment in which this relationship is most obvious and diverse. The body can create space through cause and effect, but it can also completely break the connection inbetween. The unpredictability of the body is the most important factor in this. Merce Cunningham's dance choreographies have been identified as a valuable basis for discussing the random spaces created by the body. Integrating elements of randomness, Cunningham often used dice rolls to determine the sequence and structure of movements, decoupling dance from traditional musical and spatial constraints. In this context the research question of the study is: “Which forms of relationship between body and space can be explored in the context of randomness through Merce Cunningham's dance?”. The study aims to investigate the variables within the randomly created space. A total of 204 dances were examined on the official website of ‘Merce Cunningham Trust’, where Cunningham's dances were listed, of which 43 contained a random relationship. The extraction of detailed data about the space proved impossible, resulting in the elimination of 15 of them. The examination of 28 dances revealed a relationship between randomness and the spatial approach, leading to the identification of four distinct categories: Polytemporal spatialities, disjunctive simultaneities, autonomous co-presence and relational choreoscapes. These forms of relationship are also expected to provide insight into random spatial formations in daily life.
creator: Gamze Şensoy Torun
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gamze Şensoy Torun
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 6
number: 1

The Appearance of Modern Glass
type: item
description: This is an article focused on the first part of my Rixarch lecture, dedicated to appearance of modern low reflective solar control and low e glazing. It can appear dark or wonderful depending on other conditions that are outlined.
creator: Oskar Storm
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Oskar Storm
date: 2026-01-12
publication date: 2026-01-12
volume: 6
number: 1

Thirdspace as Tool for Grounding at-risk Youth
type: item
description: This paper explores how Edward Soja’s theory of Thirdspace can be applied as a conceptual tool to rethink institutional environments for at-risk youth. While Firstspace views spaces solely as physical structures, such as walls and doors and Secondspace conceptualizes spaces through planning and design, Thirdspace emphasizes the way spaces are experienced, felt, and lived. Using the lens of Thirdspace theory, institutional environments are revealed as non-neutral spaces, shaped by lived experiences and power structures - often perceived by at-risk youth through control, trauma, and exclusion (Soja, 1996). By employing Thirdspace theory as a conceptual framework within institutional settings, such as detention centres for at-risk youth, it becomes possible to reimagine these environments not merely as sites of control, but rather as spaces fostering emotional safety, identity development, and social inclusion (Soja, 1996).
creator: Diana Medena
creator: Ilze Paklone
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Medena, Ilze Paklone
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 6
number: 1

Freedom of Form Manifesto: Reimagining Architecture in the Age of Computational Design and Digital Fabrication
type: item
description: The Freedom of Form Manifesto presents a radical rethinking of architecture in the age of computational design, robotic fabrication, and generative processes. Traditional architectural methodologies, constrained by modular standardization, Cartesian geometries, and prefabrication, have limited the expressive and functional potential of built environments. This article critiques the limitations of industrial-era construction paradigms and proposes a new framework where form is emergent, adaptive, and performative rather than predefined. Drawing from advances in parametric semiology, multi-agent simulations, and additive manufacturing techniques like Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), this manifesto advocates for an architecture that integrates generative intelligence, self-organizing material logic, and AI-driven spatial adaptation. It establishes six core principles, including the rejection of static typologies, the unification of generative design with fabrication, and the transition toward post-anthropocentric, multi-space environments. This study also addresses the challenges of implementing robotic construction at scale, including material constraints, regulatory barriers, and the need for economic viability. It calls for a paradigm shift in architectural practice and education, urging architects to embrace computational creativity, algorithmic workflows, and robotic precision to redefine the built environment. Ultimately, Freedom of Form envisions a future where architecture is no longer imposed but computationally generated, no longer static but continuously evolving, no longer constrained but truly free.
creator: Andrejs Kopils
creator: Efe Duyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Andrejs Kopils, Efe Duyan
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
volume: 6
number: 1

Khoos: Crafting a Contemporary Material Language for the Arabian Mashrabiya
type: item
description: This paper investigates the potential for khoos, a freehand woven process indigenous to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), to reimagine the design and construction of the Arabian Mashrabiya. A culturally and climatically significant feature of domestic Islamic architecture, the mashrabiya is a latticed window screen that traditionally formed a threshold between private and public spaces and is part of a natural ventilation system. Historically the space of the disguised female gaze offering clandestine views of public life on the street, or guests in the courtyard, the mashrabiya provides privacy while allowing air flow and filtered light. A space in between two realms, carved by kinetic light and the hands of skilled craftspeople. The decline of the vernacular mashrabiya and its substitution within contemporary Arabian architecture and urban design has often reduced it to a superficial, two-dimensional motif pasted onto building façades devoid of purpose, cultural identity, and architectural experience. Beyond the degradation of Arab vernacular architecture, an equally pressing concern lies in the prevalence of contemporary construction across the region that relies on imported, culturally foreign, industrial materials and methods rather than processes of place and people. Originally made from local and imported woods, mashrabiya showcased skilled craftsmanship. The industrialization of regional architecture has displaced artisans from the building process, eroding locally rooted, culturally embedded, and ecologically attuned practices of construction. Khoos, a material practice native to the MENA region, is both environmentally sensitive and human-centered. Traditionally employed in basketry, its potential extends beyond the fabrication of artifacts to the construction of architectural space. Derived from the date palm tree, khoos is locally abundant and harvested during seasonal cycles of regeneration, making the craft a practice grounded in the use of natu…
creator: Tania Ursomarzo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tania Ursomarzo
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 6
number: 1

The Role of Fusion Power and High-Tech Data Centers in the Sustainable Revitalization of Decommissioned Nuclear Sites
type: item
description: This article explores the potential of transforming decommissioned nuclear power plants into sustainable urban hubs through the integration of fusion power and high-tech data centers. Focused on the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP) in Lithuania, it presents a unique opportunity to repurpose former industrial sites to address modern challenges in energy sustainability, technological innovation, and economic revitalization. By combining clean, virtually limitless fusion energy with the growing demand for digital infrastructure, this approach offers a dual solution for sustainable energy production and regional economic growth. Drawing from international case studies, the article outlines a comprehensive blueprint for repurposing nuclear sites as critical components of the future urban landscape, offering valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and industry leaders looking to drive both environmental and technological progress.
creator: Krista Paula Lepere
creator: Gintarė Norkūnaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Krista Paula Lepere
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
volume: 6
number: 1

Gunnar Birkerts: The Work Speaks for Itself
type: item
description: Gunnar Birkerts was the last twentieth-century architect of international acclaim to have practiced out of the Detroit, Michigan region of the United States. This text was written as an introduction to my essays and building descriptions in the book, Gunnar Birkerts, Metaphoric Modernist, published in 2009 by Edition Axel Menges. These observations and descriptions of a few of Birkerts’ buildings, were deleted from the final book publication. Birkerts died in 2017. I have updated this essay to reflect the passage of time and the occasion of his centenary in January 2025.
creator: Martin Schwartz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Martin Schwartz
date: 2026-01-12
publication date: 2026-01-12
volume: 6
number: 1