ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR: EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT IN THE SCOPE OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND INDUSTRY 5.0

Abstract

Purpose: Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is defined as an individual’s behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization. This concept originated during the period of the Industry 3.0 revolution. Now employees are working during the Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 revolutions, which are reshaping the nature of work roles and requirements. This article analyses how the OCB concept evolved during these revolutions.

Design / Methodology / Approach: The article follows the method of a narrative literature review, examining papers on OCB and summarizing (1) the origin of OCB, the definition of OCB and concepts related to OCB – contextual performance and prosocial behaviour; (2) two groups of OCB dimensions – according to behaviour and the beneficiary – as well as the importance of recognizing context for OCB dimensions; and (3) suggestions for future research.

Conclusions / Findings: Our research shows the gap in previous literature in regard to analysing OCB dimensions in the context of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. OCB is outside of work-role behaviours, which depends on context, and its dimensions were originally developed during Industry 3.0. Though previous literature found that the Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 revolutions change workplaces and thus work-role requirements, there is little evidence of how this influences citizenship behaviour since existing research works have not focused on capturing new dimensions of OCB which may be emerging in the context of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0.

Research and Practical Implications: The findings show that more research should be conducted to fill the gap of evolved OCB dimensions in existing literature. This could help scholars to use the OCB scale, which has been updated according to the Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 context, and practitioners to better understand the extra-work-role behaviours that are most relevant for organizational effectiveness in the new era of work.

Original Contribution: The study contributes towards future research on OCB in the Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 context.